plant rregeneration via somatic embryo from tendril explant in three iranian grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars

to produce embryogenic callus and somatic embryos, tendril explants were collected and cultured in ms medium supplemented with various concentrations of hormones. after one month most of explants produced callus. the highest percent of embryogenic callus obtained in ms medium supplemented with 4.5 µm bap and 1µm 2,4-d. production of somatic embryos was depended on genotype and medium. yaghouti cultivar in ms medium without hormone, bidaneh sefid in ms medium supplemented with 10.4µm naa and 0.4µm bap and shahroudi cultivar in ms medium supplemented with 4.5µm bap and 1µm 2,4-d produced the highest percent of somatic embryos. for germination, embryos were transferred in to ms medium supplemented with 1µm bap at the torpedo stage. at this medium most of embryos germinated and produced plantlet .